The relations between the image and the object are not merely relations of imitation, since each image is transforming reality. Each kind of projection (ground plan, elevation plan, cavalier perspective, axonometry, central perspective, curvilinear perspective, anamorphosis, etc.) has a preference for certain aspects of this reality over others. An image does not only represent the world, but also reflects the author’s conception. Still, an image only makes sense if the viewer is capable of reading it. Marcel Duchamp said that it is the “viewers” who make the image. When presented with an image, we are not passive, but instead make assumptions and test hypotheses. Our ability to grasp the author’s choices and our visual culture combine to play a vital role in how the image is interpreted.
